Smyrna

Lydia circa 50 AD - English legend

Agora of Smyrna, built during the Hellenistic era at the base of Pagos Hill and totally rebuilt under Marcus Aurelius after the destructive 178 AD earthquake, Izmir, Turkey (18699693425)

Agora of Smyrna, built during the Hellenistic era at the base of Pagos Hill and totally rebuilt under Marcus Aurelius after the destructive 178 AD earthquake, Izmir, Turkey (18699947915)

Istanbul - Museo archeol. - Saffo - Copia romana da orig ellenist. - da Smirne - Foto G. Dall'Orto 28-5-2006 02

File:Agora3.jpg

Agora3

Colossal reclining statue of the river god Kaystros with a cornucopia, from the frigidarium of the Vedius Gymnasium at Ephesus, 2nd century AD, Izmir Museum of History and Art, Turkey (45112787215)

Smyrna is an ancient city located in Asia Minor, which is modern-day Turkey. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a history that dates back to the 3rd millennium BCE. Smyrna has been known by various names throughout history, including the Greek name Σμύρνη (Smyrnē) and the Turkish name İzmir.

History

Ancient Period

Smyrna was originally established by the Aeolians and later taken over by the Ionians. The city became a significant center of trade and culture in the ancient world. It was strategically located on the Aegean coast, which facilitated its development as a major port city.

Hellenistic and Roman Periods

During the Hellenistic period, Smyrna was rebuilt by Alexander the Great's general, Lysimachus, around 290 BCE. The city flourished under Roman rule and became one of the principal cities of Asia Province. It was known for its impressive architecture, including the Agora of Smyrna, and its vibrant cultural life.

Byzantine and Ottoman Periods

Smyrna continued to be an important city during the Byzantine Empire. It was a significant center of early Christianity and is mentioned in the Book of Revelation as one of the Seven churches of Asia. The city was later conquered by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century and eventually became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.

Modern Era

In the early 20th century, Smyrna was a cosmopolitan city with a diverse population, including Greeks, Armenians, Jews, and Turks. The city was significantly affected by the events of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), culminating in the Great Fire of Smyrna in 1922, which led to widespread destruction and loss of life. Following these events, the city was renamed İzmir and became part of the modern Republic of Turkey.

Cultural Significance

Smyrna has a rich cultural heritage, with numerous archaeological sites and historical landmarks. The city's ancient ruins, such as the Agora of Smyrna and the Temple of Athena (Smyrna), attract scholars and tourists alike. Smyrna is also known for its contributions to early Christian history and its mention in the New Testament.

Notable Figures

Several notable historical figures are associated with Smyrna, including:

• Homer, the legendary ancient Greek poet, who is traditionally said to have been born in Smyrna.
• Polycarp, an early Christian bishop and martyr, who served as the Bishop of Smyrna.

Related Pages

• Izmir
• Seven churches of Asia
• Agora of Smyrna
• Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
• Great Fire of Smyrna
• Homer
• Polycarp