World Meteorological Organization

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World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 193 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. Established by the ratification of the WMO Convention on 23 March 1950, the WMO became a specialized agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology, and related geophysical sciences. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

History

The WMO's predecessor, the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), was created to facilitate the exchange of weather information across national borders. In the aftermath of World War II, the need for cooperation among nations became even more evident, leading to the establishment of the WMO. On 23 March 1950, the WMO Convention was formally ratified, and the organization became a specialized agency of the United Nations on 1 January 1951.

Objectives and Activities

The main objective of the WMO is to support and enhance the cooperation among countries in the provision of meteorological and hydrological services. This cooperation aims to protect life and property from natural disasters related to weather, climate, and water, and to address issues related to sustainable development. The activities of the WMO cover areas such as weather prediction, climate change, water resources, and the monitoring of atmospheric conditions.

Weather Prediction

The WMO plays a crucial role in facilitating the global exchange of weather data, which is essential for accurate weather prediction. This is achieved through the World Weather Watch (WWW) program, which integrates observing systems, telecommunication facilities, and data-processing centers.

Climate Change

The WMO contributes to global efforts to monitor and combat climate change through its participation in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which it co-sponsors with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Water Resources

The organization also focuses on the assessment and management of water resources through its Hydrology and Water Resources Programme. This program aims to improve hydrological observation networks and promote the sustainable management of water resources.

Atmospheric Monitoring

The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program, operated by the WMO, monitors the chemical composition of the atmosphere and its changes due to natural and anthropogenic processes. This program is vital for understanding the impact of air pollution and greenhouse gases on the climate and environment.

Structure

The WMO is governed by its Congress, which meets every four years to determine the organization's policies and priorities. The Executive Council, composed of elected members, implements Congress decisions. The Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General, carries out the day-to-day work of the organization.

Membership

As of now, the WMO has 193 Member States and Territories. Membership is open to any sovereign state or territory that is a member of the United Nations or has received an invitation to join the WMO from the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Impact

The WMO's work has a significant impact on the safety and well-being of people all around the world. By facilitating international cooperation in the fields of meteorology and hydrology, the WMO helps countries to improve their weather, climate, and water-related services. This, in turn, contributes to the protection of life and property, enhances the productivity of agriculture, and promotes sustainable development.