Adrenal hemorrhage
Hemorrhage and necrosis of the adrenal gland tissue.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Adrenal hemorrhage can be caused by either traumatic causes or non-traumatic causes. Trauma can be due to injury or surgery to the adrenal glands. Non-traumatic causes include:
- Acute stress
- Antiphosphopipid syndrome (APS)
- Blood thinner medications such as Coumadin / Warfarin or Heparin
- The spontaneous type
- Tumors of the adrenal gland
Symptoms and signs[edit | edit source]
Symptoms and signs of adrenal crisis can include any of the following:
- Abdominal pain or flank pain
- Confusion, loss of consciousness, or coma
- Dehydration
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fatigue, severe weakness
- Headache
- High fever
- Loss of appetite
- Low blood pressure
- Low blood sugar
- Nausea, vomiting
- Rapid heart rate
- Rapid respiratory rate
- Slow, sluggish movement
- Unusual and excessive sweating on face or palms
Investigations[edit | edit source]
Tests that may be ordered to help diagnose acute adrenal crisis include:
- ACTH stimulation test or Cosyntropin stimulation test
- Cortisol level
- Blood sugar
- Potassium level
- Sodium level
- pH level
- CT scan
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic resonance imaging
Treatment[edit | edit source]
- In adrenal crisis, you need to be given the drug hydrocortisone intravenous or intramuscular.
- You may receive intravenous fluids if you have low blood pressure.
- You will need to go to the hospital for treatment and monitoring.
- If infection or another medical problem caused the crisis, you may need additional treatment.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
Shock may occur if treatment is not provided early, and it can be life threatening.
Consequences[edit | edit source]
Bilateral and extensive hemorrhage may lead to acute adrenal insufficiency, shock, and even death.
Also see[edit | edit source]
- Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage
- Hemorrhage
- Adrenal gland
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hematoma
- Traumatic injury
- Adrenal crisis
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD