Artificial lung

Artificial lung refers to a prosthetic device that provides oxygenation of blood and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. The artificial lung is a technology currently under development and not widely used in clinical situations.

History

The concept of an artificial lung has been explored since the early 20th century. The first successful use of an artificial lung, also known as a pulmonary assist device, was reported in 1931 by Dr. Frederick Banting and Dr. Charles Best, who are also known for their discovery of insulin.

Design and Function

The design of an artificial lung is based on the human lung's structure and function. It consists of a gas exchange membrane that allows for the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The artificial lung is connected to the patient's circulatory system, allowing blood to flow through the device and exchange gases much like in a natural lung.

Types of Artificial Lungs

There are two main types of artificial lungs: the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) device and the intravascular artificial lung (iLA). The ECMO is an external device that takes over the function of the lungs and heart, while the iLA is a smaller device that is inserted directly into the blood vessels.

Clinical Use

Artificial lungs are primarily used in a clinical setting for patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and certain types of heart failure. They are typically used as a bridge to lung transplantation or as a supportive measure in acute or chronic lung diseases.

Future Developments

Research is ongoing to improve the efficiency and biocompatibility of artificial lungs. Future developments may include the use of biomaterials and stem cells to create a more natural, bioengineered lung.

See Also

• Lung transplantation
• Respiratory therapy
• Mechanical ventilation