Biphenotypic acute leukaemia

Biphenotypic Acute Leukaemia

File:Biphenotypic Acute Leukaemia.jpg

Microscopic view of Biphenotypic Acute Leukaemia

Biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL) is a rare and unique subtype of acute leukaemia, characterized by the simultaneous expression of both lymphoid and myeloid lineage-specific markers on leukemic cells. This condition is also known as mixed phenotype acute leukaemia (MPAL).

Overview

BAL is a rare subtype of acute leukaemia, accounting for approximately 2-5% of all acute leukaemias. It is diagnosed when leukemic cells co-express myeloid and lymphoid markers, or when a patient has two separate populations of cells, each expressing a different lineage-specific marker.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of BAL is based on the immunophenotyping of leukemic cells, which is performed using flow cytometry. This technique allows for the identification of cell surface markers, which are used to classify the leukemic cells into different lineages.

Treatment

The treatment of BAL is challenging due to its unique characteristics. The current approach involves the use of intensive chemotherapy regimens that are typically used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).

Prognosis

The prognosis of BAL is generally poor, with a lower overall survival rate compared to other types of acute leukaemia. However, the prognosis can vary depending on various factors, including the patient's age, the presence of certain genetic abnormalities, and the response to treatment.

See also

• Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
• Acute myeloid leukaemia
• Flow cytometry
• Immunophenotyping

External links

• Wikimedia Commons has media related to Biphenotypic acute leukaemia.
• Wikimedia has an article on Biphenotypic acute leukaemia.