Cervical spine

Cervical Spine

The cervical spine is the uppermost part of the spine, located in the neck, directly below the skull. It is made up of seven vertebrae, known as C1 through C7, which are responsible for the flexible support of the head and protection of the spinal cord.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The cervical spine is unique in its structure compared to other parts of the spine. The first two vertebrae, C1 and C2, are highly specialized and are given unique names: the atlas and axis, respectively. The atlas (C1) allows for the majority of the head's rotation, while the axis (C2) has a bony projection (odontoid process) that fits within a hole in the atlas to allow for rotation of the head.

The remaining cervical vertebrae (C3 through C7) are more classic vertebrae, having a body, pedicles, laminae, spinous processes, and facet joints. Each vertebra is separated by an intervertebral disc, which acts as a shock absorber between the bones.

The cervical spine also houses the spinal cord, which sends messages from the brain to control all aspects of the body, while the vertebral arteries carry blood to the brain.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary functions of the cervical spine are to support the weight of the head, allow for a wide range of head movement, and protect the spinal cord and associated nerve roots. The cervical spine provides structural stability and support for the cranium, as well as a protection for the spinal cord and vertebral arteries. It also enables flexible movement and balance adaptation, while transmitting loads applied to the head, neck and body into the postural and locomotor muscles of the trunk and lower extremities.

Pathology[edit | edit source]

Various conditions can affect the cervical spine, including degenerative disc disease, cervical spondylosis, cervical disc herniation, and cervical stenosis. These conditions can lead to chronic pain, disability, and other neurological issues. Treatment options for these conditions can range from conservative management, such as physical therapy and medication, to surgical intervention.