Closed head injury

Closed head injury refers to any trauma that occurs to the brain without penetration of the skull. This type of injury can result in a range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, and is a common cause of disability and death worldwide.

Causes

Closed head injuries are most commonly caused by motor vehicle accidents, falls, and violence. They can also occur as a result of sports injuries, work-related accidents, and child abuse. The injury occurs when the head is hit with force, or when the brain is shaken within the skull, causing damage to the brain tissue.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a closed head injury can vary widely depending on the severity of the injury. They may include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, and changes in mood or behavior. In severe cases, symptoms may also include loss of consciousness, seizures, and coma.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a closed head injury typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Imaging tests such as CT scans and MRIs may also be used to assess the extent of the injury and to guide treatment decisions.

Treatment

Treatment for a closed head injury depends on the severity of the injury. Mild injuries may only require rest and over-the-counter pain medication, while more severe injuries may require hospitalization, surgery, and long-term rehabilitation.

Prognosis

The prognosis for a closed head injury can vary widely. Some people may recover fully with minimal treatment, while others may experience long-term complications such as cognitive impairment, physical disability, and emotional problems.

Prevention

Prevention of closed head injuries involves measures such as wearing seat belts and helmets, using child safety seats, and taking precautions to prevent falls. Template:Neurotrauma-stub