Community-acquired pneumonia
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)[edit | edit source]
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia that is acquired outside of hospital or long-term care facility settings. It is a common respiratory infection and one of the leading causes of illness and mortality worldwide.
Definition and Overview[edit | edit source]
CAP occurs when an individual develops pneumonia in the community, as opposed to acquiring it in a medical facility. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs which may fill with fluid.
Causes and Risk Factors[edit | edit source]
CAP is caused by a wide range of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Common causes include:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common bacterial cause)
- Respiratory viruses like influenza
- Atypical bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Risk Factors[edit | edit source]
- Age (elderly or very young)
- Smoking and alcohol use
- Chronic lung diseases like COPD
- Weakened immune system
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Common symptoms of CAP include:
- Cough (often producing phlegm)
- Fever and chills
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain during breathing or coughing
- Fatigue
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of CAP typically involves:
- Clinical examination
- Chest X-rays
- Blood tests
- Sputum culture
- Pulse oximetry to measure oxygen levels in the blood
Treatment and Management[edit | edit source]
Treatment depends on the severity and the cause of the pneumonia:
- Antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia
- Antiviral medications for viral pneumonia
- Supportive care such as rest, fluids, and fever control
- Hospitalization in severe cases
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventative measures include:
- Vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza
- Good hygiene practices
- Smoking cessation
- Strengthening the immune system through a healthy lifestyle
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
CAP is a significant public health concern globally, affecting millions of people annually. It has a higher incidence in the elderly and during winter months.
References[edit | edit source]
Community-acquired pneumonia Resources | ||
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