Duodenal

Duodenal is the first part of the small intestine, immediately following the stomach, leading to the jejunum. The duodenum plays a vital role in the digestion of food as it is responsible for the continuation of the process of breaking down food, started by the stomach. It also regulates the rate of emptying of the stomach via hormonal pathways.

Anatomy

The duodenum is a C-shaped or horseshoe-shaped structure that lies at the level of the first three lumbar vertebrae. It is approximately 25–38 cm (10–15 inches) in length and has four parts: the superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending duodenum. The duodenum is surrounded by the pancreas, a vital organ that produces enzymes that are secreted into the duodenum to further break down food for absorption.

Function

The duodenum plays a crucial role in digestion. It receives partially digested food from the stomach, known as chyme, and plays a key role in further digestion. The walls of the duodenum release enzymes such as maltase, sucrase, and lactase to break down complex sugars into simple sugars. The duodenum also receives bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas, which help in the digestion of fats and proteins.

Diseases and Conditions

Several diseases and conditions can affect the duodenum, including peptic ulcers, duodenitis, and celiac disease. Peptic ulcers are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus. Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum, which can cause abdominal pain and other digestive symptoms. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum.

Treatment

Treatment for duodenal conditions depends on the specific disease or condition. For peptic ulcers, treatment often involves medications to decrease stomach acid, allowing the ulcer to heal. For duodenitis, treatment may involve antibiotics, antacids, or other medications to reduce inflammation. For celiac disease, the primary treatment is a strict gluten-free diet.

See Also

• Small intestine
• Stomach
• Digestive system
• Peptic ulcer
• Duodenitis
• Celiac disease

Duodenal Resources
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