Elongation factors
Elongation factors are a set of proteins that facilitate the synthesis of protein in ribosomes during the process of translation. They are part of the larger group of protein biosynthesis factors.
Function[edit | edit source]
Elongation factors play a crucial role in the elongation phase of protein biosynthesis. They assist in the synthesis of the polypeptide chain by adding amino acids to the growing chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached on the mRNA molecule.
There are three main types of elongation factors:
- EF-Tu (or EF1 in eukaryotes): This factor binds to an aminoacyl-tRNA (a tRNA molecule with an amino acid attached) and brings it to the A site of the ribosome.
- EF-Ts (or EF1B in eukaryotes): This factor regenerates EF-Tu in bacteria after it has delivered its aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.
- EF-G (or EF2 in eukaryotes): This factor promotes the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of polypeptide elongation.
Role in Disease[edit | edit source]
Mutations in elongation factors can lead to various diseases. For example, mutations in the EF2 gene have been associated with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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