Endothelins

Endothelins are a family of proteins that play a key role in the regulation of vascular tone and cell proliferation. They are produced by the endothelium, a thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

Overview

Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium having a key role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelins are implicated in vascular diseases of several organ systems, including the heart, general circulation and brain.

Types of Endothelins

There are three members of the endothelin family: Endothelin-1, Endothelin-2, and Endothelin-3. They are potent vasoconstrictors, among the most potent such substances known.

Endothelin-1

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most common and widely distributed member of the endothelin family. It is produced in a variety of tissues, including the endothelium, heart, and lungs. ET-1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow.

Endothelin-2

Endothelin-2 (ET-2) is less well-studied than ET-1, but it is known to be involved in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. It is also thought to play a role in the development of certain types of cancer.

Endothelin-3

Endothelin-3 (ET-3) is primarily produced in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. It is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and cerebral blood flow.

Role in Disease

Endothelins have been implicated in a number of diseases, including hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. They are thought to contribute to these conditions by causing excessive vasoconstriction and promoting cell proliferation.

Treatment

Several drugs have been developed to target the endothelin system, including endothelin receptor antagonists and endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors. These drugs are used to treat conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure.

See Also

• Vasoconstriction
• Vasodilation
• Blood Pressure
• Hypertension
• Heart Disease
• Stroke
• Cancer

Endothelins Resources
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