Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET) is a type of tumor that originates in the gastrointestinal tract or the pancreas. These tumors are often slow-growing and can be benign or malignant.

Overview

GEP-NETs are a heterogeneous group of tumors that originate from the neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. These cells are responsible for producing hormones and other substances that regulate various body functions. GEP-NETs can produce excess hormones, leading to various symptoms depending on the type of hormone produced.

Types

There are several types of GEP-NETs, including:

• Gastrinomas: These tumors produce excess gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the stomach to produce acid.
• Insulinomas: These tumors produce excess insulin, leading to low blood sugar levels.
• Glucagonomas: These tumors produce excess glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels.
• Somatostatinomas: These tumors produce excess somatostatin, a hormone that inhibits the release of other hormones.
• VIPomas: These tumors produce excess vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), leading to severe watery diarrhea.

Symptoms

The symptoms of GEP-NETs depend on the type of hormone the tumor is producing. Common symptoms include:

• Diarrhea
• Flushing
• Stomach ulcers
• Low or high blood sugar levels
• Weight loss

Diagnosis

GEP-NETs are diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment for GEP-NETs depends on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with GEP-NETs varies widely and depends on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor Resources
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