Hormesis
Hormesis is a biological phenomenon where a beneficial effect (improved health, stress tolerance, growth or longevity) results from exposure to low doses of an agent that is otherwise toxic or lethal when given at higher doses.
Definition[edit | edit source]
Hormesis is characterized by dose-response relationships displaying low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Hormesis is observed also in the responses of many animals to certain levels of all types of stressors. The hormesis model of dose-response is vigorously debated. The biological mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood, although a number of theories have been proposed.
History[edit | edit source]
The term "hormesis" comes from the Greek word hormo, which means "to excite". It was first used in the scientific literature in 1943 by Southam and Ehrlich.
Mechanisms[edit | edit source]
The mechanisms of hormesis are varied and can involve a multitude of pathways. Some of the proposed mechanisms include the upregulation of protective enzymes and stress response genes, the activation of immune responses, and the increased production of antioxidants.
Applications[edit | edit source]
Hormesis has potential applications in many areas such as toxicology, risk assessment, radiation protection, aging research, and medicine.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD