Incidence (epidemiology)
Incidence (epidemiology)[edit | edit source]
The incidence of a medical condition refers to the number of new cases in a specified population over a specific period of time. It is a fundamental concept in epidemiology and is distinguished from prevalence, which refers to all cases, new and existing, in the population at a given time.
Definition[edit | edit source]
In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. Although sometimes loosely expressed simply as the number of new cases during some time period, it is better expressed as a proportion or a rate.
Calculation[edit | edit source]
The calculation of incidence involves:
- The number of new cases that occur in a defined period
- The size of the population initially at risk.
Types of Incidence[edit | edit source]
There are two types of incidence rates:
- Cumulative incidence, also called incidence proportion, is the number of new cases within a specified time period divided by the number of people at risk in the population at the beginning of the study.
- Incidence rate is the number of new cases within a specified time period divided by the time at risk in the population at risk.
Incidence vs Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Incidence should not be confused with prevalence, which is a measure of the total number of cases of disease in a population at a given time rather than new cases.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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