Lipoma

A lipoma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor composed of adipose (fat) tissue. It is a soft, slow-growing mass that typically presents as a painless, movable lump under the skin. Lipomas can occur anywhere in the body where fat cells are present, but they are most commonly found in the subcutaneous tissue.

Lipoma

Epidemiology

Lipoma

Lipomas are among the most common soft tissue tumors, affecting people of all age groups, with a slight male predominance. The prevalence of lipomas is estimated to be around 1% of the general population, with the majority of cases occurring between the ages of 40 and 60 years.

Etiology and Risk Factors

Histopathology of submucosal lipoma

Histopathology of a pedunculated colonic lipoma

istopathology of a fibrolipoma

The exact cause of lipoma formation is unknown. However, several factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing lipomas, including:

• Family history of lipomas
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Liver disease
• Trauma to the area

Certain genetic conditions, such as Gardner syndrome and Madelung's disease

Clinical Presentation

Lipomas typically present as:

• Soft, painless, and mobile masses
• Round or oval in shape
• Located in the subcutaneous tissue
• Size ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter

Although lipomas are usually asymptomatic, they may cause discomfort or pain if they compress nearby nerves or structures.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of lipoma is generally based on the clinical presentation and physical examination. However, imaging studies such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions, such as liposarcoma. A biopsy may also be performed in cases where malignancy is suspected.

Treatment

Treatment for lipomas is not always necessary, as they are benign and usually asymptomatic. However, if a lipoma is causing discomfort, pain, or cosmetic concerns, surgical removal may be indicated. The two main surgical techniques for lipoma removal are:

• Excision: Complete removal of the lipoma through an incision in the skin
• Liposuction: Removal of the lipoma using a suction device, which may be less invasive and result in less scarring

Other treatment options, such as steroid injections and laser therapy, may be considered in certain cases. However, these methods are less commonly used and may not be as effective as surgical removal.

Prognosis

The prognosis for lipomas is generally excellent, as they are benign and do not have malignant potential. However, recurrence may occur if the lipoma is not completely removed during surgery.

See Also

• Liposarcoma
• Soft Tissue Tumors
• Benign Tumors
• Surgical Excision
• Liposuction

Lipoma Resources
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