Mantoux test
The Mantoux test is a widely utilized diagnostic tool for detecting infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (TB). It measures the body's immune response to a derivative of the bacterium, rather than the bacterium itself[1].
Procedure[edit | edit source]
The test is administered by injecting a small amount of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) into the dermis layer of the skin, usually on the inner forearm. The injection site is observed after 48-72 hours to determine the body's reaction to the tuberculin[2].
Interpretation[edit | edit source]
The key feature of the Mantoux test is the size of the induration (a hard, raised area), not the redness, at the injection site after 48-72 hours. The diameter of the induration is measured in millimeters. The interpretation of the test depends on the size of the induration and the patient's risk factors for tuberculosis[3].
Limitations and False Results[edit | edit source]
The test does not differentiate between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis disease. It also does not distinguish between infection acquired recently and that acquired in the past. False-negative results may occur in individuals with impaired immune systems, while false-positive results can occur in those vaccinated with the BCG vaccine or infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria[4].
Follow-up Testing[edit | edit source]
A positive Mantoux test indicates exposure to M. tuberculosis and warrants further investigation, such as a chest X-ray or sputum culture, to differentiate between latent infection and active disease.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ "Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ↑
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