N-acetylcysteine

N-acetylcysteine (also known as NAC) is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can also be used in cases of kidney failure in certain circumstances.

Medical uses

N-acetylcysteine is used to treat a variety of health conditions. Its primary uses are for the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Paracetamol overdose

In cases of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, N-acetylcysteine acts to protect the liver by replenishing levels of the antioxidant glutathione. This helps to prevent or reduce damage to the liver.

Cystic fibrosis and COPD

For individuals with cystic fibrosis or COPD, N-acetylcysteine works to thin the mucus in the lungs. This makes it easier to cough up the mucus, which can help to prevent infections and improve lung function.

Side effects

Like all medications, N-acetylcysteine can cause side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, rash, and fever. In rare cases, it can cause a severe allergic reaction.

Mechanism of action

N-acetylcysteine works by replenishing levels of the antioxidant glutathione in the body. This can help to protect cells from damage.

History

N-acetylcysteine was first used in the 1960s as a treatment for paracetamol overdose. Since then, its use has expanded to include other conditions, such as cystic fibrosis and COPD.

See also

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose
• Cystic fibrosis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Glutathione

N-acetylcysteine Resources
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