Nydrazid

Nydrazid (also known as Isoniazid) is a medication used primarily as a tuberculosis treatment. It is considered one of the first-line antitubercular agents. Nydrazid is often used in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.

Pharmacology

Nydrazid works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid, a component of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is activated by a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme, known as KatG, into a reactive species that covalently modifies the NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of mycolic acid.

Side Effects

The use of Nydrazid can lead to several side effects, including hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, and drug-induced lupus. The risk of hepatitis increases with age and daily consumption of alcohol. Peripheral neuropathy can be prevented by the administration of pyridoxine.

Interactions

Nydrazid can interact with several other drugs, including phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate, leading to increased levels of these drugs in the body. It can also interact with tyramine-containing foods, leading to a hypertensive crisis.

History

Nydrazid was first synthesized in the early 1950s and has since become one of the most widely used tuberculosis drugs worldwide. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

References

Nydrazid Resources
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