Pachymeninx

Pachymeninx is a term used in anatomy to refer to the thick, outermost layer of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. The pachymeninx is also known as the dura mater, which is Latin for "hard mother".

Structure

The pachymeninx, or dura mater, is the most durable of the three layers of the meninges. It is composed of dense, irregular connective tissue and is rich in collagen fibers. This gives it its strength and resilience. The dura mater is also highly vascularized, meaning it contains many blood vessels, and it is innervated, meaning it contains nerve fibers.

The dura mater is divided into two layers: the periosteal layer, which is attached to the inner surface of the skull, and the meningeal layer, which lies beneath the periosteal layer and forms the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord.

Function

The primary function of the pachymeninx is to protect the brain and spinal cord from injury. It provides a tough, protective barrier between the delicate neural tissue and the bones of the skull and spine. The dura mater also helps to support the brain and keep it in place within the skull.

In addition to its protective role, the dura mater also plays a role in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The meningeal layer of the dura mater forms several dural sinuses, which are channels that allow CSF to drain from the brain and spinal cord back into the bloodstream.

Clinical significance

Damage or disease of the pachymeninx can lead to serious medical conditions. For example, a subdural hematoma is a condition in which blood collects between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, one of the other layers of the meninges. This can cause increased pressure on the brain and can be life-threatening.

Meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges, can also affect the dura mater. This condition can be caused by bacterial or viral infections and can lead to severe headaches, fever, and other symptoms.

See also

• Leptomeninges
• Meninges
• Subdural hematoma
• Meningitis

References

Pachymeninx Resources
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