Paranasal

Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity. The maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes; the frontal sinuses are above the eyes; the ethmoidal sinuses are between the eyes and the sphenoidal sinuses are behind the eyes. The sinuses are named for the facial bones in which they are located.

Structure

The paranasal sinuses are lined with respiratory epithelium. They are a combination of many different types of cells, including ciliated and non-ciliated columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. The cilia are responsible for moving mucus, and the goblet cells produce it.

Development

The paranasal sinuses form in all three of the embryonic germ layers. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses develop first, followed by the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. Most of the sinuses will continue to grow until age 20, and some will continue to grow throughout life.

Function

The functions of the sinuses are not clear. One theory is that they help humidify the air that we breathe in, while another is that they enhance our voices.

Clinical significance

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, known as sinusitis, can occur as a result of infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues. Symptoms may include a runny or stuffy nose, facial pain, and fever.

See also

• Nasal cavity
• Sinusitis
• Human nose

References

Paranasal Resources
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