Parasympathetic

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) is one of the two main divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). The other division is the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS). The PNS is responsible for stimulating "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" activities that occur when the body is at rest, especially after eating, including sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation (tears), urination, digestion and defecation.

Anatomy

The parasympathetic nervous system uses the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) for its efferent pathways. The preganglionic neurons of the PNS are located in the brainstem or at the sacral level of the spinal cord. Postganglionic neurons are generally located near or within the organ they innervate.

Function

The primary function of the PNS is homeostasis and the body's rest and digest response. It is the system of "rest and digest". The PNS is responsible for controlling homeostasis of the body. It is responsible for the body's rest and digest function. The PNS is in charge of regulating the internal organs and glands, which occurs unconsciously.

Clinical significance

Damage to the parasympathetic nervous system can lead to a variety of symptoms and conditions, including Gastroparesis, Urinary incontinence, and Bradycardia. Treatment for these conditions often involves addressing the underlying cause of the parasympathetic damage, but can also include medication, surgery, or other interventions.

See also

• Sympathetic Nervous System
• Enteric Nervous System
• Fight-or-flight response

References

Parasympathetic Resources
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