Pharyngeal cancer

Pharyngeal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the pharynx (the part of the throat that sits behind the mouth and nasal cavity). It is a rare form of cancer, but can be serious if not detected and treated early.

Types

There are three main types of pharyngeal cancer, named for the part of the pharynx where they develop:

• Nasopharyngeal cancer begins in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose.
• Oropharyngeal cancer starts in the oropharynx, the middle part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue and tonsils.
• Hypopharyngeal cancer (laryngopharyngeal cancer) starts in the hypopharynx, the lower part of the throat.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pharyngeal cancer can vary depending on the specific type and stage of the disease. Common symptoms may include:

• A persistent sore throat
• Trouble swallowing
• Unexplained weight loss
• A lump or sore that doesn't heal
• A persistent cough
• Ear pain

Causes and Risk Factors

Pharyngeal cancer occurs when cells in the pharynx develop mutations in their DNA. These mutations cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. The accumulating abnormal cells form a tumor. Factors that can increase the risk of pharyngeal cancer include:

• Tobacco use
• Heavy alcohol use
• A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pharyngeal cancer typically involves a physical examination, review of the patient's medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:

• Endoscopy
• Biopsy
• Imaging tests such as CT scan, MRI, or PET scan

Treatment

Treatment for pharyngeal cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:

• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy

Prognosis

The prognosis for pharyngeal cancer varies widely depending on the type and stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment.

Pharyngeal cancer Resources
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