Plicae circulares

Plicae circulares (also known as circular folds, valves of Kerckring, or Kerckring's valves) are large valvular flaps projecting into the lumen of the bowel. They are a characteristic feature of the small intestine and are considered a significant component of the digestive system.

Anatomy

The plicae circulares are circular folds of mucous membrane that are present throughout the entire length of the small intestine. They are most numerous in the jejunum, less so in the ileum, and absent in the duodenum. Each fold contains a core of submucosa, which gives it its characteristic shape and helps it maintain its position.

Function

The primary function of the plicae circulares is to slow the passage of the digestive contents and increase the surface area for absorption. They achieve this by causing the chyme (partially digested food) to spiral, or rotate, through the intestine, rather than pass straight through. This spiraling motion allows more time for nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Clinical significance

In certain pathological conditions, such as Crohn's disease, the plicae circulares may become inflamed and thickened, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. In severe cases, surgical removal of the affected section of the intestine may be necessary.

See also

• Small intestine
• Digestive system
• Crohn's disease

References

Plicae circulares Resources
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