Pneumococcal meningitis

Pneumococcal meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is a type of bacterial meningitis and is a serious health concern due to its potential to cause long-term complications and death.

Causes

Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium that can be found in the upper respiratory tract of humans. The bacteria can spread to the meninges through the bloodstream or by direct extension from a nearby infection, such as sinusitis or otitis media.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pneumococcal meningitis are similar to those of other forms of bacterial meningitis and can include fever, headache, neck stiffness, confusion, and photophobia (sensitivity to light). In severe cases, seizures, coma, and death can occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis is typically made through a lumbar puncture, in which a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is taken and analyzed. The presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the CSF confirms the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for pneumococcal meningitis typically involves intravenous antibiotics and sometimes corticosteroids. The specific antibiotics used can depend on the local patterns of antibiotic resistance.

Prevention

Prevention of pneumococcal meningitis can be achieved through vaccination. The pneumococcal vaccine is effective at preventing infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

See also

• Meningitis
• Bacterial meningitis
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Pneumococcal vaccine

Pneumococcal meningitis Resources
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References

External links

• Bacterial Meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Meningitis at the World Health Organization (WHO)