Quinolines

Quinolines are a class of organic compounds that are formally derived from benzene and pyridine. These compounds are important in biochemistry and medicine. The quinoline ring structure is present in some antimalarial drugs such as quinine and chloroquine. Quinolines can also be synthesized using the Doebner reaction and Skraup reaction.

History

The term "quinoline" was coined by German chemist August Kekulé in 1869. It is derived from the Latin word quinquina, meaning cinchona bark, which is a source of quinine, a compound used for treating malaria.

Structure and properties

Quinolines are aromatic compounds. They have a double-ring structure, with one six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyridine ring. The basic structure of quinoline is a benzene ring fused with a pyridine ring at two adjacent carbon atoms. This structure is known as a bicyclic aromatic system, which means it has properties of both aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

Synthesis

Quinolines can be synthesized using several methods. The most common method is the Skraup reaction, which involves the condensation of aniline, glycerol, and sulfuric acid. Another method is the Doebner reaction, which involves the condensation of aniline, β-keto ester, and aldehyde.

Applications

Quinolines have a wide range of applications in medicine and other fields. They are used as building blocks in the synthesis of more complex compounds. They are also used in the manufacture of dyes and in the preparation of hydroxyquinoline sulfate and niacin. They are also used as solvents and catalysts.

In medicine, quinoline is used in the treatment of malaria. Quinoline-based drugs such as quinine and chloroquine are used for this purpose. Quinolines are also being investigated for their potential use in treating cancer and other diseases.

See also

• Benzene
• Pyridine
• Doebner reaction
• Skraup reaction
• Quinine
• Chloroquine

Quinolines Resources
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