Respiratory depression

Respiratory depression (also known as hypoventilation) is a decreased rate and depth of breathing that can be life-threatening. It is a common side effect of certain drugs, particularly those used for pain relief and anesthesia.

Causes

Respiratory depression can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Opioids: These drugs, which are used for pain relief, can slow down the rate and depth of breathing. This is particularly true when they are taken in high doses or combined with other drugs that have a similar effect.
• Anesthesia: General anesthesia can cause respiratory depression, particularly during the recovery period after surgery.
• Central nervous system disorders: Conditions that affect the brain and spinal cord, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, can interfere with the body's ability to control breathing.
• Lung disease: Conditions that damage the lungs, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pneumonia, can make it harder to breathe and can lead to respiratory depression.

Symptoms

The symptoms of respiratory depression can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:

• Slow, shallow breathing
• Feeling short of breath
• Feeling tired or sleepy
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Bluish color to the lips or fingertips (a sign of hypoxia, or low oxygen levels in the blood)

Treatment

Treatment for respiratory depression depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, it may involve adjusting the dose of a medication or switching to a different drug. In other cases, it may involve treating an underlying medical condition, such as a lung disease. In severe cases, it may be necessary to provide supplemental oxygen or to use a machine to assist with breathing.

See also

• Hypoxia (medical)
• Hypercapnia
• Opioid overdose

Respiratory depression Resources
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