Sickle-cell anemia

Sickle-cell anemia (or sickle-cell disease) is a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells. It is characterized by the production of abnormal, sickle-shaped red blood cells, which can lead to various complications.

Causes

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which codes for the hemoglobin protein. This mutation results in the production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S, which causes the red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped.

Symptoms

The symptoms of sickle-cell anemia can vary widely, but commonly include anemia, episodes of pain (known as sickle-cell crises), frequent infections, and delayed growth in children.

Diagnosis

Sickle-cell anemia is typically diagnosed through a blood test that checks for the presence of hemoglobin S. Genetic testing can also be used to confirm the diagnosis and to identify carriers of the disease.

Treatment

While there is no cure for sickle-cell anemia, treatments are available to manage the symptoms and complications of the disease. These may include pain relief medications, blood transfusions, and in some cases, a bone marrow transplant.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with sickle-cell anemia can vary, depending on the severity of the disease and the individual's overall health. However, with proper management, many people with the disease can lead a normal life.

See also

• Thalassemia
• Hemoglobinopathy
• Genetic disorders

References

Sickle-cell anemia Resources
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