Theca cell

Theca cells are a group of cells found in the ovary of female mammals. They play a crucial role in the development of the follicle, which is the structure that matures into an ovum (egg) during the menstrual cycle. Theca cells are responsible for producing androgens, which are then converted into estrogen by the granulosa cells.

Structure

Theca cells are located in the outer layer of the ovarian follicles. They are divided into two types: theca interna and theca externa. The theca interna cells are closer to the follicle and have a more direct role in hormone production. The theca externa cells are further away and provide structural support to the follicle.

Function

The primary function of theca cells is to produce androgens, specifically androstenedione. This is achieved through a process known as steroidogenesis, which involves the conversion of cholesterol into androgens. The androgens are then converted into estrogen by the granulosa cells, a process known as aromatization.

Theca cells also play a role in the development and maturation of the follicle. They respond to signals from the pituitary gland, specifically luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the production of androgens.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in theca cells can lead to a number of medical conditions. For example, overproduction of androgens by theca cells can lead to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition characterized by irregular menstrual cycles and infertility. On the other hand, underproduction of androgens can lead to hypogonadism, a condition characterized by low sex hormone levels.

See also

• Ovary
• Follicle
• Androgen
• Estrogen
• Granulosa cell
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Hypogonadism

Theca cell Resources
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