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Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) is a superantigen produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It is one of the causative agents of toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

Overview

TSST is a potent toxin that can cause severe illness in humans. It is produced by certain strains of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is commonly found on the skin and in the nose of healthy individuals. However, when the bacteria multiply and produce the toxin, it can lead to toxic shock syndrome, a severe and potentially life-threatening illness.

Structure and Function

TSST is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 22,000 daltons. It is a superantigen, meaning it has the ability to activate a large proportion of the body's T cells, leading to a massive release of cytokines. This cytokine release is responsible for the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome.

Clinical Significance

TSST is one of the causative agents of toxic shock syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches and rash. It can rapidly progress to severe and life-threatening complications such as shock and organ failure. Early recognition and treatment of toxic shock syndrome is critical to prevent severe illness and death.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of toxic shock syndrome involves proper hygiene practices to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria, and supportive care to manage symptoms and complications.

See Also

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Superantigen
• Cytokines

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