Upper GI series

An Upper GI Series (Upper Gastrointestinal Series) is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to examine the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The test utilizes a special form of X-ray called fluoroscopy, combined with the ingestion of a radiopaque contrast medium, usually a barium solution.

UGIs erosion

UGIs early gastric cancer

Procedure

1. Preparation: Patients are often required to fast for 8 to 12 hours before the test to ensure that the stomach and duodenum are empty.
2. Administration of Contrast: The patient will swallow the barium solution or a similar contrast medium, which coats the lining of the upper GI tract.
3. Fluoroscopy: As the contrast medium passes through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, a series of X-ray images are taken. The fluoroscope provides real-time images, allowing the radiologist to see the flow of the barium through the digestive system.

Indications

The Upper GI Series is used to diagnose:

• Ulcers
• Tumors
• Inflammation of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
• Hiatal hernias
• Certain structural anomalies
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Risks and Precautions

• The radiation exposure during the procedure is generally considered minimal and safe for most individuals. However, it's not recommended for pregnant women.
• There is a slight risk of allergic reaction to the barium solution.
• Barium may cause constipation if not completely expelled from the body. Patients are usually advised to increase fluid intake and may be given a mild laxative.

Limitations

While the Upper GI Series provides valuable information about the upper gastrointestinal tract's structure, it may not give detailed insight into its function or detect microscopic abnormalities. In such cases, other diagnostic procedures, like endoscopy, may be recommended.

Conclusion

The Upper GI Series remains an essential tool in diagnosing various diseases and conditions of the upper digestive tract. When combined with other diagnostic procedures, it allows for a comprehensive evaluation of gastrointestinal health.

See Also

• Barium enema
• Fluoroscopy
• Gastrointestinal tract

Upper GI series Resources
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