Vector (epidemiology)

Disease Vectors

Introduction

A vector in the context of epidemiology is an organism that transmits disease-causing agents between hosts. Vectors play a crucial role in the spread of various diseases and are primarily divided into two categories: biological and mechanical.

Biological Vectors

Biological vectors are organisms that transmit pathogens within their body and infect new hosts through direct contact, usually a bite. Key examples include:

• Mosquitoes: Transmit diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika virus.
• Ticks: Responsible for the spread of Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
• Fleas: Vectors for diseases like plague.

A mosquito, a common biological vector.

Mechanical Vectors

Mechanical vectors, unlike biological vectors, do not host the disease-causing agent within their body. They facilitate disease spread by transporting infected hosts or contaminated materials. Examples include:

• Airplanes: Can transport infected individuals or vectors over long distances.
• Ships: Similar to airplanes, ships can also aid in spreading diseases across regions.

Disease Transmission

This section explains the process of disease transmission through vectors, highlighting the differences between biological and mechanical transmission mechanisms.

Control and Prevention

Efforts to control vector-borne diseases include:

• Vector Control: Measures like insecticide spraying, mosquito netting, and habitat modification.
• Surveillance: Monitoring vector populations and disease incidence.
• Public Health Campaigns: Educating the public about preventive measures.

Global Impact

Vectors have a significant impact on global health, with vector-borne diseases accounting for a large proportion of infectious diseases, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.

External Links

• [Link to the World Health Organization's page on vector-borne diseases]
• [Link to a resource on global vector control strategies]

References

Vector (epidemiology) Resources
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