Velopharyngeal inadequacy

Unhappy Triad or O'Donoghue's Triad is a severe injury to the knee, involving three major components: the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and the medial meniscus. This injury is often seen in contact sports such as football and rugby, and is usually caused by a lateral force being applied to the knee while the foot is planted on the ground.

Causes[edit | edit source]

The Unhappy Triad usually occurs when a lateral force is applied to the knee while the foot is planted on the ground. This can happen in contact sports such as football and rugby, or in any situation where the knee is forcefully twisted or bent sideways.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of an Unhappy Triad injury can include severe pain, swelling, and instability of the knee. There may also be a feeling of the knee "giving way" or being unable to support the weight of the body.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of the Unhappy Triad is usually made through a combination of physical examination and imaging tests such as MRI. The doctor will look for signs of ligament damage, such as swelling, tenderness, and instability of the knee.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for the Unhappy Triad typically involves surgery to repair or replace the damaged ligaments. This is usually followed by a period of physical therapy to restore strength and mobility to the knee.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

With proper treatment and rehabilitation, most people can return to their previous level of activity after an Unhappy Triad injury. However, the knee may be more prone to future injuries and arthritis.

References[edit | edit source]

Velopharyngeal inadequacy Resources
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