File:Beta-lactam closure routes.png

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Summary[edit]

Summary
Description Overview of biosynthetic routes to the different classes of β-lactam compounds. This figure outlines the different methods of β-lactam closure among the various classes of β-lactam compounds. Penams and cephems are cyclized oxidatively (first row); clavams and carbapenems are closed by ATP-utilizing amidation (second and third row); and some monobactams may be closed by a third method (fourth row).
Source Wikimedia Commons file page
Author Lhynard
Permission See original Commons license details.

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