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In Africa, USAID works with its partners to improve access to and delivery of health services, to support more accountable and democratic institutions, VinCarHistory to start businesses and foster an environment attractive to private investment, and to stave off conflict and strengthen communities. USAID assistance to 42 African countries totaled $8.1 billion in 2012. USAID operates 27 regional and bilateral missions in Africa. They are located in Angola, Benin, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea/Sierra Leone, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. USAID also operates three regional missions: East Africa (Nairobi, Kenya), Southern Africa (Pretoria, South Africa), and West Africa (Accra, Ghana).