Biogenic amines

Biogenic amines are organic, naturally occurring compounds derived from amino acids that have biological activities in both humans and animals. They play a crucial role in various physiological functions such as neurotransmission, gastric secretion, and cell growth. The most common biogenic amines include serotonin, histamine, dopamine, and epinephrine.

Overview

Biogenic amines are primarily formed through the decarboxylation of amino acids. They are widely distributed in animal tissues, plants, and microorganisms. In humans, they are involved in maintaining vital physiological functions. For instance, they act as neurotransmitters, influencing mood, attention, and bodily functions.

Types of Biogenic Amines

Serotonin

Serotonin is a biogenic amine derived from the amino acid tryptophan. It is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, blood platelets, and the central nervous system of animals and humans. It functions as a neurotransmitter, contributing to feelings of well-being and happiness.

Histamine

Histamine is a biogenic amine synthesized from the amino acid histidine. It is involved in local immune responses and acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. Histamine is also a key mediator of inflammation and allergic reactions.

Dopamine

Dopamine is a biogenic amine that plays several important roles in the human body, and in particular, the brain. It's derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Dopamine is associated with pleasure and reward systems in the brain, and it also plays a crucial role in motor control.

Epinephrine

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a biogenic amine synthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. It plays a central role in the short-term stress response and is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.

Health Implications

Biogenic amines have significant health implications. They are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. For instance, an imbalance in biogenic amines can lead to mental health disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, certain biogenic amines, such as histamine, can cause allergic reactions.

See Also

• Neurotransmitter
• Amino Acid
• Neuroscience
• Psychology
• Pharmacology