Corneal disease

Corneal Disease refers to a variety of conditions that affect the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. These diseases can lead to a reduction in vision or even loss of vision if not properly treated. The cornea plays a key role in focusing your vision, and any damage or disease affecting it can have significant implications for one's eyesight.

Types of Corneal Disease[edit | edit source]

There are several types of corneal disease, including but not limited to:

Keratitis: This is an inflammation of the cornea, often caused by infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic) or by wearing contact lenses for extended periods.
Corneal Dystrophies: A group of genetic, often progressive, eye disorders in which abnormal material accumulates in the cornea. These include Fuchs' Dystrophy, Keratoconus, and Lattice Dystrophy.
Corneal Ulcer: An open sore on the cornea, often resulting from infection.
Dry Eye Syndrome: A condition that occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to inflammation and damage of the cornea.
Pterygium: A benign growth on the cornea, often related to exposure to ultraviolet light or chronic eye irritation.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of corneal disease can vary depending on the specific condition but may include:

Blurred or cloudy vision
Pain in the eye
Sensitivity to light
Redness of the eye
Excessive tearing or discharge
Feeling like there is something in your eye

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of corneal disease typically involves a comprehensive eye examination. Tools and tests that may be used include:

Visual acuity test: To assess the clarity of your vision.
Slit-lamp examination: A microscope is used to examine the cornea, iris, lens, and the space between the iris and cornea.
Corneal topography: Mapping the surface curvature of the cornea to detect irregularities.
Pachymetry: Measuring the thickness of the cornea.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for corneal disease depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options may include:

Medicated eye drops or ointments: To treat infection or inflammation.
Corneal transplant: Replacing damaged corneal tissue with healthy tissue from a donor.
Laser surgery: To reshape the cornea or remove abnormal tissue.
Artificial tears or lubricating ointments: For managing dry eye syndrome.
Special contact lenses: Such as scleral lenses, to improve vision and comfort for conditions like keratoconus.