Corneal neovascularization

Corneal Neovascularization is a pathological condition characterized by the growth of new blood vessels into the cornea, which is normally avascular. This condition can significantly compromise visual acuity and ocular health, leading to a range of visual impairments. The cornea's transparency is crucial for the refraction of light onto the retina, and the invasion of blood vessels disrupts this clarity, potentially resulting in visual disturbances or blindness.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Corneal neovascularization can be triggered by a variety of factors, including but not limited to:

Ocular surface disease and inflammation
Contact lens overwear or misuse
Chemical burns to the eye
Infectious keratitis, involving bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections
Corneal hypoxia, or reduced oxygen supply to the cornea
Dry eye syndrome
Corneal graft rejection

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of corneal neovascularization may include:

Redness of the eye
Sensitivity to light (Photophobia)
Blurred vision
Pain or discomfort in the eye
The feeling of a foreign body in the eye

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of corneal neovascularization involves a comprehensive eye examination, including:

Visual acuity test
Slit lamp examination to observe the extent and pattern of neovascularization
Corneal topography or OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) scans to assess the cornea's shape and thickness
Fluorescein angiography to highlight the blood vessels

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment aims to reduce the risk factors, control the underlying cause, and inhibit the growth of new blood vessels. Options include:

Anti-VEGF therapy (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor inhibitors), such as bevacizumab or ranibizumab, to directly target the growth of new blood vessels
Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Laser photocoagulation to cauterize and close off the vessels
Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin
Surgical options, such as fine needle diathermy or corneal transplantation in severe cases

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Preventive measures focus on minimizing the risk factors associated with corneal neovascularization:

Proper use and care of contact lenses
Timely treatment of corneal infections and injuries
Protecting eyes from chemical exposures and UV light
Managing dry eye syndrome and other ocular surface diseases

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for individuals with corneal neovascularization varies depending on the cause, extent, and response to treatment. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preserving vision and preventing permanent damage to the cornea.