Interneurons

Interneurons are a type of neuron that transmit signals between other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord. They are often contrasted with sensory neurons and motor neurons, which transmit signals to and from the brain, respectively. Interneurons are integral to the functioning of the central nervous system and play a key role in reflexes, learning, and memory.

Function

Interneurons serve as the connection between sensory and motor neurons, forming circuits of various complexity. They are involved in the processing of information and the coordination of signals. Interneurons can either excite or inhibit other neurons, depending on the type of neurotransmitter they release.

Types

There are several types of interneurons, each with distinct functions and characteristics. These include:

• Inhibitory interneurons: These interneurons inhibit the activity of other neurons, preventing them from firing. They play a crucial role in controlling the overall excitability of the brain.

• Excitatory interneurons: These interneurons excite other neurons, encouraging them to fire. They are essential for the propagation of signals within neural circuits.

• Modulatory interneurons: These interneurons modulate the activity of other neurons, altering their response to incoming signals. They are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes.

Role in Disease

Abnormalities in interneurons have been implicated in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. Research into the role of interneurons in these conditions is ongoing, with the hope of developing new treatments.

See Also

• Neuron
• Central nervous system
• Neurotransmitter