Pemphigoid

Pemphigoid is a group of rare autoimmune diseases that primarily affect the skin and mucous membranes. The condition is characterized by the formation of blisters, which can vary in size and may be filled with fluid. Pemphigoid is most common in older adults and can be life-threatening, particularly for those with poor general health.

Types

There are several types of pemphigoid, including:

• Bullous Pemphigoid: This is the most common type of pemphigoid. It is characterized by large, tense blisters that often appear on the skin areas that flex, such as the lower abdomen, upper thighs, and armpits.

• Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: This type of pemphigoid primarily affects the mucous membranes, such as the mouth, eyes, throat, and genitals. It can lead to scarring and, in severe cases, blindness.

• Pemphigoid Gestationis: This rare type of pemphigoid occurs during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester, and may also affect the newborn.

Causes

Pemphigoid is caused by an abnormal immune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the cells in the skin or mucous membranes. The exact trigger for this immune response is unknown, but it may be linked to certain medications, UV light exposure, or other autoimmune diseases.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of pemphigoid is the formation of blisters on the skin or mucous membranes. Other symptoms may include itching, redness, and discomfort or pain in the affected areas.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pemphigoid typically involves a physical examination, patient history, and specific diagnostic tests, such as a biopsy or blood test to detect specific antibodies.

Treatment

Treatment for pemphigoid aims to control symptoms and prevent complications. This may involve the use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressant drugs, and other medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response.

See also

• Autoimmune disease
• Blister
• Bullous Pemphigoid
• Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
• Pemphigoid Gestationis

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NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Pemphigoid

Pemphigoid is a rare disease.

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