Xipamide

Xipamide is a type of diuretic medication that is primarily used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid retention). It belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonamide diuretics, which work by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine.

Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]

Xipamide works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys. This results in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, thereby reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure.

Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]

After oral administration, Xipamide is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is extensively metabolized in the liver, and the metabolites are excreted in the urine. The elimination half-life of Xipamide is approximately 7 to 8 hours.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Common side effects of Xipamide include dizziness, headache, nausea, and hypokalemia (low potassium levels). In rare cases, it can cause serious side effects such as hyponatremia (low sodium levels), hyperuricemia (high uric acid levels), and hypersensitivity reactions.

Contraindications[edit | edit source]

Xipamide is contraindicated in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or any component of the formulation.

Interactions[edit | edit source]

Xipamide may interact with other medications such as digoxin, lithium, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antihypertensive agents, which may alter the effectiveness of these drugs or increase the risk of side effects.