ACL reconstruction

ACL Reconstruction is a surgical procedure that involves the replacement of a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), one of the major ligaments in the knee. The ACL is crucial for maintaining stability in the knee joint, and its damage can lead to knee instability, pain, and inability to participate in certain physical activities.

Anatomy

The knee is a hinge joint that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). The ACL is one of the four main ligaments in the knee that connect these bones and keep the knee stable. It runs diagonally in the middle of the knee, preventing the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, and provides rotational stability to the knee.

Causes of ACL Injury

ACL injuries most commonly occur during sports that involve sudden stops or changes in direction, jumping and landing, such as soccer, basketball, football, and skiing. An ACL injury can occur if you:

• Land incorrectly from a jump
• Stop suddenly
• Change direction quickly or pivot with your foot firmly planted
• Experience direct collision, such as a football tackle

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an ACL injury is made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). The Lachman test is a clinical test used to diagnose injury of the ACL.

ACL Reconstruction Surgery

During ACL reconstruction, the surgeon removes the damaged ligament and replaces it with a segment of tendon — tissue similar to a ligament — from another part of your knee or from a deceased donor. This graft acts as scaffolding for a new ligament to grow on.

Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation

After surgery, a program of rehabilitation (physiotherapy) is usually undertaken, with exercises designed to regain and improve knee motion and strength. A return to full activity is usually possible once a satisfactory range of motion and muscle strength is achieved.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, there are risks involved with ACL reconstruction. These include infection, persistent instability and pain, knee stiffness, and difficulty returning to your previous level of activity. The risk of re-injury or tearing the graft is also present, especially in young, active individuals.

ACL reconstruction Resources
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