Butoh

Butoh is a form of Japanese dance theatre that encompasses a diverse range of activities, techniques, and motivations for dance, performance, or movement. Originating in Japan in the late 1950s, Butoh was founded by Tatsumi Hijikata and Kazuo Ohno as a rebellion against the contemporary dance scene, which they felt was overly influenced by Western dance styles. Butoh combines elements of traditional Japanese dance, German Expressionist dance, and other artistic influences, creating a unique form of expression that is often characterized by its slow pace, grotesque imagery, and white body makeup.

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History

The origins of Butoh can be traced back to the post-World War II era in Japan, a time of significant social and cultural upheaval. The founders, Hijikata and Ohno, sought to express the struggles and existential angst of the Japanese people through a new form of dance that broke away from established norms. The first Butoh performance, titled "Kinjiki" (Forbidden Colors), was presented by Hijikata in 1959 and caused a scandal due to its provocative themes and unconventional presentation.

Characteristics

Butoh is known for its unique aesthetic and performance principles. Performers often utilize white body makeup, which can symbolize the erasure of identity or invoke the imagery of ghosts and spirits. The movements in Butoh are typically slow and controlled, but can also include sudden bursts of energy or convulsive actions. Emphasis is placed on the transformation of the body and the expression of the inner self, with performances often exploring themes of death, darkness, absurdity, and the subconscious.

Themes and Influences

Butoh performances are deeply influenced by various themes and artistic movements. The existential and philosophical underpinnings of Butoh reflect the influence of European existentialism and the writings of authors such as Jean Genet and Antonin Artaud. The aesthetic of Butoh, with its emphasis on the grotesque and the surreal, shares similarities with the visual arts movement of Surrealism. Traditional Japanese arts and theater, such as Noh and Kabuki, also play a significant role in shaping the form and content of Butoh.

Global Influence

Since its inception, Butoh has gained international recognition and has influenced artists and performers around the world. Butoh festivals, workshops, and performances are held globally, and the form has been adapted and interpreted by various cultures, highlighting its universal themes and expressive potential.

Notable Practitioners

Apart from its founders, Tatsumi Hijikata and Kazuo Ohno, Butoh has been practiced and evolved by numerous artists. Some notable Butoh practitioners include Yoko Ashikawa, who established the first Butoh school, and Sankai Juku, a renowned Butoh company that has gained international acclaim for its visually stunning performances.

See Also

• Japanese culture
• Contemporary dance
• Performance art

References

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