CD40
CD40 is a costimulatory protein found on antigen presenting cells and is required for their activation. The binding of CD40 with CD40 ligand is necessary for a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation.
Structure[edit | edit source]
CD40 is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The protein is expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. The protein is approximately 50kDa and is expressed on the cell surface as a type I transmembrane protein.
Function[edit | edit source]
CD40 is necessary for antigen presenting cell activation, which in turn stimulates proliferation and differentiation of B cells, isotype switching, and germinal center formation. CD40 is also important in macrophages and dendritic cells, where it mediates different immune and inflammatory responses.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations in this gene result in Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM type 3. An increased expression of CD40 has also been observed in several diseases, including HIV and Epstein-Barr virus, and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD