Cervical lymphadenitis

Cervical lymphadenitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the lymph nodes located in the neck region. It is often a result of an infection, which can be bacterial, viral, or fungal in nature.

Causes

The most common cause of cervical lymphadenitis is a bacterial infection, with the most common bacteria being Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Viral infections, such as mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, can also lead to cervical lymphadenitis. In rare cases, fungal infections or parasitic infections can cause the condition.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of cervical lymphadenitis is swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck. Other symptoms can include pain, redness, and warmth over the area of the swollen lymph nodes, fever, and in some cases, symptoms of the underlying infection, such as sore throat in cases of streptococcal or staphylococcal infections.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cervical lymphadenitis is primarily based on physical examination and medical history. In some cases, further diagnostic tests may be required, such as blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan, and in rare cases, a biopsy of the lymph node.

Treatment

Treatment of cervical lymphadenitis is primarily aimed at treating the underlying cause. This typically involves antibiotics for bacterial infections, while viral infections often require supportive care. In severe cases, or if the lymph node is abscessed, surgical intervention may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for cervical lymphadenitis is generally good, with most individuals recovering fully with appropriate treatment. However, complications can occur, particularly if the condition is not treated promptly. These can include abscess formation and, in rare cases, sepsis.

See also

• Lymphadenopathy
• Lymphadenitis
• Lymphatic system

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