Comprehensive examination

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Comprehensive examination (often abbreviated as comps) is a specific type of examination that must be completed by graduate students in some disciplines and countries before they are allowed to proceed with their thesis or dissertation. The purpose of the comprehensive examination is to ensure that the student has a broad understanding of their field of study and is capable of synthesizing and applying this knowledge. The format and specific requirements of comprehensive examinations can vary significantly between universities, disciplines, and countries.

Overview

Comprehensive examinations are typically taken after a student has completed all or most of their coursework. In many cases, these exams are seen as a milestone or rite of passage in the graduate program. They are intended to assess the student's mastery of the broad field of study, rather than specific course content. Depending on the institution and program, comprehensive exams may be oral, written, or a combination of both. They may cover a set list of topics or be tailored to the student's specific area of research.

Purpose

The primary purpose of the comprehensive examination is to ensure that students have a sufficient grasp of their field to contribute meaningfully to academic or professional discourse. It tests the student's ability to think critically, integrate knowledge across different areas, and articulate their understanding. Successfully passing the comprehensive examination is often seen as a demonstration that the student is prepared to begin work on their dissertation or thesis.

Format

The format of comprehensive examinations can vary widely. Some common formats include:

• Written exams: These may take the form of essay questions, short answers, or a combination of both. Written exams typically require the student to demonstrate their knowledge over a broad range of topics within their field.
• Oral exams: Oral exams usually involve the student answering questions posed by a panel of faculty members. These exams test the student's ability to articulate their knowledge and think on their feet.
• Take-home exams: Some programs offer take-home exams, which allow students to research and write their answers over a period of days or weeks.

Preparation

Preparation for comprehensive examinations can be intensive. Students often spend several months studying and reviewing the core literature in their field. Many programs offer reading lists or study guides to help students prepare. In addition to individual study, students may also participate in study groups or review sessions organized by their department.

After the Comprehensive Examination

Passing the comprehensive examination is a significant achievement in a graduate student's career. After passing, students are typically allowed to formally propose their dissertation or thesis topic. In some programs, passing the comprehensive examination may also confer upon the student the status of doctoral candidate or ABD (all but dissertation).

Challenges and Criticisms

While comprehensive examinations are a longstanding tradition in many graduate programs, they are not without their critics. Some argue that the exams are overly stressful and may not accurately reflect a student's ability to conduct research or contribute to their field. Others suggest that comprehensive exams are an unnecessary barrier to completion of graduate studies, particularly for students who are already demonstrating competence through their coursework and research activities.

Conclusion

Comprehensive examinations remain an integral part of many graduate programs, serving as a measure of a student's readiness to undertake independent research. Despite the challenges and criticisms associated with them, these exams are designed to ensure that students have a deep and broad understanding of their field, which is essential for the successful completion of their graduate studies.