Cyclamic acid

Cyclamic Acid

Chemical structure of cyclamic acid

Cyclamic acid is a synthetic compound that is commonly used as an artificial sweetener. It was first discovered in 1937 by Michael Sveda, a chemist working at the University of Illinois. Cyclamic acid is known for its intense sweetness, which is approximately 30 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). Due to its sweet taste and low-calorie content, cyclamic acid has been widely used as a sugar substitute in various food and beverage products.

Chemical Properties

Cyclamic acid, also known as cyclohexanesulfamic acid, has a chemical formula of C6H13NO3S. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. The compound is stable under normal conditions and has a melting point of around 220 degrees Celsius.

Production

Cyclamic acid is typically produced through a multi-step chemical process. The starting material for its synthesis is cyclohexylamine, which undergoes sulfonation to form cyclohexanesulfamic acid. This acid is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide to yield cyclamic acid. The final product is usually obtained in the form of its sodium or calcium salt, which are more stable and easier to handle.

Uses

Cyclamic acid and its salts are primarily used as artificial sweeteners in the food and beverage industry. They are commonly found in a variety of products such as soft drinks, baked goods, confectionery, and tabletop sweeteners. Cyclamic acid provides a sweet taste without adding significant calories, making it an attractive option for individuals looking to reduce their sugar intake.

Safety and Regulation

The safety of cyclamic acid as a food additive has been extensively studied. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its use as a sweetener, with certain limitations on the maximum allowable daily intake. Similarly, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established an acceptable daily intake for cyclamic acid and its salts.

However, cyclamic acid has been the subject of some controversy. In the 1960s, studies conducted on rats suggested a potential link between cyclamate consumption and bladder cancer. As a result, cyclamic acid was banned in the United States in 1969. Subsequent research, however, has failed to establish a clear causal relationship between cyclamate intake and cancer in humans. Many countries have since lifted the ban, and cyclamic acid is now approved for use in numerous nations worldwide.

See Also

• Artificial Sweeteners
• Food Additives
• Sugar Substitutes