DNA cloning
DNA cloning is a molecular biology technique that makes many identical copies of a piece of DNA, such as a gene. In a typical DNA cloning procedure, the gene or other DNA fragment of interest (perhaps a gene for a medically important human protein) is first inserted into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid. The insertion is done using enzymes, and it produces a molecule of recombinant DNA.
Process[edit | edit source]
The process of DNA cloning involves the following steps:
- Isolation of DNA fragments: The DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated.
- Insertion of isolated DNA into the vector: The isolated DNA is inserted into a suitable vector to form recombinant DNA.
- Introduction of recombinant DNA into the host organism: The recombinant DNA is introduced into a suitable host organism.
- Replication within the host organism: The host organism is allowed to grow and replicate, producing many identical copies of the recombinant DNA.
Applications[edit | edit source]
DNA cloning has a wide range of applications, including:
- Gene therapy: In gene therapy, a normal gene is cloned and used to replace a defective gene in a patient's cells.
- Production of pharmaceuticals: DNA cloning is used to produce large quantities of proteins for use as pharmaceuticals.
- Genetic engineering: DNA cloning is a key tool in genetic engineering, which involves modifying the genetic makeup of organisms.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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