IgA deficiency

Selective IgA Deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by an isolated deficiency of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is one of the most common types of antibody produced in the mucous membranes of the body. This condition leads to an increased susceptibility to infections, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Despite its potential to compromise the immune system, many individuals with Selective IgA Deficiency are asymptomatic and may not be aware of their condition.

Causes and Genetics

The exact cause of Selective IgA Deficiency is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It has been observed to occur more frequently in individuals with certain genetic backgrounds, suggesting a hereditary component. However, no single gene has been identified as responsible for the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Selective IgA Deficiency can vary widely among affected individuals. Some may remain completely asymptomatic, while others may experience recurrent infections, particularly sinus and lung infections, and gastrointestinal disorders. There is also an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases, allergies, and asthma.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Selective IgA Deficiency is typically made through blood tests that measure levels of immunoglobulins. A significantly reduced level of IgA, with normal levels of other immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), is indicative of the condition.

Treatment

There is no cure for Selective IgA Deficiency, and treatment is generally aimed at managing symptoms and preventing infections. This may include the use of antibiotics for bacterial infections and immunizations to prevent infections. Individuals with the condition should also be monitored for the development of autoimmune diseases and other complications.

Epidemiology

Selective IgA Deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency, affecting approximately 1 in 500 to 1 in 700 individuals in the general population. It occurs more frequently in individuals of European descent.

See Also

• Immunodeficiency
• Immunoglobulin A
• Primary immunodeficiency

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