Involuntary nervous system

Involuntary Nervous System

The Involuntary Nervous System (INS), also known as the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), is a component of the Peripheral Nervous System that controls bodily functions not consciously directed, such as the heartbeat, digestion, and respiratory rate. The INS is divided into two main components: the Sympathetic Nervous System and the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

Structure

The Involuntary Nervous System is composed of neurons that innervate the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body. These neurons are organized into two main divisions: the Sympathetic Nervous System, which is responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response, and the Parasympathetic Nervous System, which controls the body's 'rest and digest' functions.

Function

The primary role of the Involuntary Nervous System is to unconsciously regulate the body's internal environment. This includes controlling heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiration rate, digestion, and metabolism. The INS also plays a role in the body's response to stress and exercise.

Clinical Significance

Dysfunction of the Involuntary Nervous System can lead to a variety of medical conditions, including Orthostatic Hypotension, Horner's Syndrome, and Autonomic Neuropathy. These conditions can result in symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, and problems with urination and sexual function.

See Also

• Nervous System
• Central Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Sympathetic Nervous System
• Parasympathetic Nervous System

References

Involuntary nervous system Resources
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