Korsakoff’s syndrome
Korsakoff's syndrome is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B-1). The syndrome is named after Sergei Korsakoff, a Russian neuropsychiatrist who discovered the syndrome during the late 19th century. Korsakoff's syndrome is most commonly caused by alcohol misuse, but can also arise from malnutrition, certain diseases, and conditions that affect the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system.
Causes
The main cause of Korsakoff's syndrome is a deficiency in thiamine. Thiamine plays a crucial role in brain function, including the creation and storage of memories. Chronic alcohol misuse can lead to thiamine deficiency by causing poor nutrition and also by interfering with the body's ability to absorb and use thiamine.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is severe memory loss, particularly for recent events and new information. People with Korsakoff's syndrome may also have difficulty understanding the meaning of information, making decisions, or finding the right words to express themselves. In some cases, individuals may "confabulate," or make up, information they can't remember.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Korsakoff's syndrome is based on the patient's clinical history, symptoms, and, in some cases, brain imaging tests. There is no specific laboratory test for Korsakoff's syndrome.
Treatment
Treatment for Korsakoff's syndrome involves replacing thiamine, improving diet, and, in cases related to alcohol misuse, abstaining from alcohol. In some cases, cognitive rehabilitation may help improve memory and cognitive function.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Korsakoff's syndrome varies. Some people improve with treatment, while others may not fully recover. The best chance for recovery is to catch and treat the syndrome early, before permanent damage to the brain occurs.
See also
WikiMD neurology
External links
- Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
